USING COMPUTER

Turning ON & Shutting down the Computer System

Switching ON the Computer System
  • Make sure all cable is well connected.
  • Switch on electric/power supply/ Switch Socket
  • Switch ON UPS if is connected to your computer
  • Press on button of the system unit
  • Press ON button of monitor
  • Wait until Booting process complete its task then you can start to use computer
Switching OFF the Computer System
  • Make sure no any program is running on the task bar
  • Click on the start button
  • Click on turn off computer/ shutdown button 
  • Press switch on/off button of monitor
  • Switch off UPS
  • Switch of electric circuit.
  • Wait the computer until the monitor will show black screen
Features/elements of windows based on 
operating system (OS)

Computer Booting Skills Techniques
What is Booting?
Booting is the process of turning ON the computer System. 
This process includes initializing all your hardware components in your computer and get them to work together and to load your default operating system which will make your computer operational. The Operating system begins to operate as soon as you turn on or boot the computer.
Computer booting is the process of turning on a computer and starting the operating system. The computer term boot is short for bootstrap or bootstrap load. Booting is the process that occurs when you press the power button to turn your computer on. During this process (which may take a minute or two minutes)

During Booting the computer performs the following:
  1. It runs tests to make sure everything is working correctly.
  2. It checks for new hardware.
  3. It then starts up the operating system.
Key terminologies
  1. A boot loader is a computer program that loads the main operating system or runtime environment for the computer after completion of self-tests. Sometimes you'll see an instruction to "reboot" the operating system.
  2. Reboot: Is the process to restarting a computer so as to reload the operating system(The most familiar way to do these on PCs is pressing the Ctrl, Alt, and Delete keys at the same time).
Types of Booting
There are two types of computer booting:
  1. Cold booting
  2. Warm booting.
Cold Booting
Cold booting is the kind of computer booting 
where by a user turn on a computer that has been powered off.If the computer is in off state and we boot the Computer by pressing the power switch ‗ON‘ from the system case then it is called as cold booting.

Warm Booting
This is the kind of computer booting where by a user restart the computer that has been powered on. If the computer is already ‗ON‘ and we restart it by pressing the ‗RESET‘ button from the system box or CTRL, ALT and DEL key simultaneously from the keyboard then it is called warm booting.

Shutting Down the Computer
Shut down is the process of turning off the computer. It is important to properly shut down Windows when turning off your computer—as opposed to just hitting the power switch. 
Use the Shut Down command on the Start menu when rebooting or turning off your computer. This allows Windows to save your work and make sure that no data is lost.
The following steps should be taken when exiting a Windows session.
  1. Close any program you are running. In most cases, use the Exit command from the File menu.
  2. Click the Start button and click Shut Down.
  3. Select from the list of options. The number of options varies depending on whether you are connected to a network or not.
  4. Wait until you receive a message telling you it is ―safe to turn off your computer
The Shut down windows dialog box


Note
Sometimes you want to log off without turning your PC off. In this case, do not choose to ―Shut Down‖ the computer, but 
instead choose ―Log off‖

Microsoft Windows Features
Windows
Is a graphical user interface (GUI) kind of operating system. It is more user friendly than other operating systems in the market like Ms Dos, Macintosh, Linux, Unix etc.
Windows allow user to do more with computer than other operating systems
  • Is an interface you see when you turn on the computer system.
  • It consist of the cursors, icons, menus etc which allow the user to interact with the computer and get something done easily
Basically Windows provide User interfaces which may be:
  1. Command – driven
  2. Menu- driven
  3. Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Desktop
This is the first screen of a window to 
appear when you turn on a computer and enter user name and password.
  • The desktop is the on-screen work area on which Windows, Icons, menus & dialog boxes appear.
  • The desktop is the primary user interface of a computer. When you boot up your computer, the desktop is displayed once the startup process is complete.
Elements of Desktop
  1. The desktop background/wallpaper
  2. Icons of files and folders.
  3. Task bar, which is located at the bottom of the screen by default.
Icons
Is a small image that represents a file, folder or program. Icons are symbols or pictures that represent items stored on your computer. Some icons represent folders 
(directories or groups), documents, programs, and even computer hardware.




Types of Icons
1. Document icons: 
Represent the files that you create using software. Generally, document icons
resemble the program icon that created the file. For example, a Word document has part of the same logo as the Word application in which it was created

2. Original icons/Special icons
The icons that typically display when you first access your Windows desktop are My Computer, My Network Places, the Recycle Bin, and Internet Explorer.

3. Application icons
Icons that have a small white arrow in the lower left corner are Shortcuts. The arrow indicates that the icon is a shortcut that points to a program, folder, or other item. A shortcut is a quick way to open a program or file. Application (program) icons represent the executable programs (software) available on your computer. For example: Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Photoshop, and Microsoft Excel

Shortcut icon
Icons with an arrow in the lower left corner are shortcut icons. Click the icon for quick access to the object they represent (program,
document, printer, and so on).

Program, folder, and document icons Program, folder, and document icons do not
have an arrow in the lower left corner. They
represent the actual object and provide direct access to the object.

4. Folder icons
A folder is a tool used to collect related files or folders. OR folder is a "container" in which you can store documents. It allows user to organize information and also it simplify the accessibility of information. 
Folders can hold both files and other folders 
(subfolders

4. Recycle Bin holds deleted files, until you Empty Recycle.
5. Internet Explorer is Microsoft's version of a Web browser. This enables user to access internet

Taskbar
Taskbar Is a bar commonly located at the 
bottom of the desktop that displays the 
programs that are currently running (opened task). This bar also displays the time, volume, and in later revisions of the Windows operating system, the Quick Launch Below is an example of what the taskbar may look like.

Taskbar contains Start button, System tray, opened task, and Quick launch toolbar.

Elements of aTask bar
  1. Desk bands e.g. Internet Explorer
  2. The notification area
  3. Windows Media Player.
  4. Desktop. Contains shortcuts to items contain on the users desktop. 
  5. Quick Launch.
Folder, File & Directory

1. File: Is the item which contains information. File can be text, image, video, audio or program.
Definition:Afile is a collection of  information, with a unique name, stored in 
your computer or on a removable disk.

2. Folder: Is the container which store files.


3. Directory: Is the location where file are stored

What is a Window?
Window is a bordered rectangular screen which displays your program or document when it is open. or
This is a bordered rectangular screen display, through which a user uses an opened program to perform a task

There are three major window types:
  1. Program,
  2. Document and
  3. Folder.
Title Bar
The title bar is at the top of the window. It displays the document, program, or folder name, along with the name of the application that is open (in program windows only).

Window Control Buttons
The title bar also displays three small buttons on the right of the title bar, which change the display of the window:
  •  minimize, 
  • maximize
  • restore, and 
  • close buttons.

1. Minimize button
This puts the current window temporarily in the taskbar located at the bottom of the desktop. You can return to where you left off by clicking the program‘s name on the task bar.
2. Maximize button
This makes the current window to fill the whole screen. The window cannot be resized and it gives you a maximum working area.
3. Restore button
When you maximize a window, the restore button replaces the maximize button. Clicking the restore button displays the window in its previous size and location.
4. Close button
The close button (on the right) closes the window. Click the closebutton once to completely close the document, application, or folder window.


Status Bar
A status bar is a small area at the bottom of a window. It is used by some applications to 
display helpful information for the user. For 
example, an open folder window on the desktop may display the number of items in the folder and how many items are selected.

Examples of Status Bar
  1. The status bar of a file manager
  2. The status bar of a web browser
  3. The status bar of a graphics editor.
  4. The status bar of word processor.
Toolbar
A toolbar often provides quick access to 
functions that are commonly performed within the program. 
  • For example, a formatting toolbar in a program such as Microsoft Excel
  • Row of boxes, often at the top of an application window that control various functions of the software
Restart, Hibernate & Stand by the Computer

Restart/reboot: 
Is the process of restarting the computer or electronic device. Rebooting is sometimes necessary to recover from an error, 
re-initialize drivers, or hardware devices.
Types of Reboot
  1. Hard reboot: is when you turn the computer completely off and then turn it back on.
  2. Soft reboot: is when the desktop just goes away and then you get the reboot without having to turn the computer all the way off.
Stand by
Sleep mode or Stand by Is a mode the 
computer, monitor, or other device enters when idle for too long. This mode helps conserve power when a computer or computer device is not in use without having to sacrifice the time it would take to turn off and on the computer.

Hibernation (computing)
Is a Power management mode that conserves power by powering down the system. In hibernate mode the current state of the system is saved to the hard drive, and the system will power down.
  • When a user turns the system power back on,the saved information is read from the hard disk, restoring the last used settings.
  • Hibernate mode is similar to sleep mode, however in sleep mode the power cannot be shut off.



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